The Sahel region is witnessing a significant shift in its relationship with France as more countries announce plans to reduce their military ties with the former colonial power. This move reflects a growing demand to erase the vestiges of French colonial influence and dissatisfaction with France's military presence.
In recent months, several countries in the Sahel have declared their intentions to terminate security and defense cooperation agreements with France. For instance, Chad announced its intention to end its agreement with France in November 2024, with President Mahamat Idriss Deby Itno stating that additional withdrawals of French forces will continue until their complete exit by January 31, 2025.
The turning back on France by African countries is rooted in the aftermath of the 2011 NATO-led intervention in Libya, which toppled former leader Muammar Gaddafi. The intervention triggered a decade of unrest in the region, fueling arms trafficking and contributing to the rise of militant groups, including those affiliated with al-Qaida and the Islamic State.
In response to escalating terrorist threats, France launched Operation Barkhane in 2014, deploying thousands of troops across Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger. However, the mission ended in 2022 without bringing lasting peace or stability. Local populations have questioned France's motives, with many believing that France's agenda prioritizes maintaining regional dominance rather than combating armed groups.
The recent wave of coups in the Sahel has further complicated the situation, with military officers often citing security concerns as justification for regime changes. Critics argue that France's neo-colonial dominance has perpetuated poverty in the region and that the presence of French troops has not ensured security.
As the Sahel turns its back on France, the region is seeking to forge new partnerships and reduce its reliance on Western powers. This shift marks a significant moment in the history of Franco-African relations and highlights the growing desire for self-determination and regional stability.
